Sprinting Form & BioMechanics

In sprinting, flexibility and elasticity in the gluteals and hamstrings can benefit the athlete during knee lift and help to produce a longer stride.


FIGURE 1


Whereas, flexibility in the quadriceps is essential for maximizing the recovery of the leg during the swing phase.

FIGURE 2



After take-off, the farther the legs can be separated, the elastic recoil can help in closing the angle at the point of landing, again helping to maximize stride length.

FIGURE 3



Upper extremity flexibility is often overlooked. With so much focus on the hips and legs it is not surprising that this area may be ignored. However, there is an optimal degree of shoulder flexion and extension required to match the efforts required to match the efforts required on the legs.

FIGURE 4



Table 1 summarizes some of the potential ranges of motion that will be required of a sprinter at the various joints.

Table 1 - Flexibility-Optimal Range of Motion

Degree of Rotations
Joint
Swinging leg
(flexion)
Supporting leg
(extension)
Hip
(trunk-thigh)
230-235 deg
140-155 deg
Knee
(thigh-leg)
20-30 deg
at amortization
175-180 deg
at take off
Foot
(leg-ankle)
70-85 deg
dorsi-flexion
at amortization
140-150 deg
plantar-flexion
at take-off
Shoulder
40 deg (flexion)
80 deg (extension)
Elbow
70 deg (flexion)
90 deg (extension)